Welcome to The Art of Penguin Science Fiction where, one way or another, you have arrived at this introduction to a website that explores the history and cover art of science fiction published by Penguin Books from 1935 to the present day. But first of all some answers to the questions: why Penguin, and why science fiction?

Penguin Books was founded by Allen Lane in 1935 as a paperback imprint of The Bodley Head publishing house. The new venture was an immediate success, and enabled Penguin to become established as a separate company early in 1936. An important factor in this success was the books' eye-catching cover design, which featured two horizontal bands of colour – orange for fiction, green for crime, blue for biography – separated by a third, white band on which the title and author's name were printed. These simple yet striking covers gave the books a refreshing, modern look and remained in use for many years, acquiring iconic status along the way as examples of classic twentieth-century design.

This status was reaffirmed as recently as January 2009, when the UK's Royal Mail issued a commemorative set of ten stamps celebrating British Design Classics. Among the ten designs chosen to appear on the stamps were a double-decker bus, a red telephone box, the London Underground map, and the orange-and-white cover of a Penguin book.

So Penguin books and their iconic covers have a place in history that merits study and appreciation. They have influenced generations of readers and played an important role in our cultural heritage. Over the years new cover designs have appeared, and in the 1950s a transition took place from typographical to pictorial covers. This was followed by the intro- duction of a radically new cover design in the 1960s, and the launch of a Penguin science fiction series with covers featuring reproductions of abstract and surrealist paintings.

This curious linkage of modern art and sf is at the heart of this website, and is made all the more intriguing by the subtle and often ingenious connections between the artworks and the stories within. Following on from this, Penguin continued to publish sf as a number of mini-series, with covers that reveal the influence of Pop Art and to some extent Op Art. But to put these later developments in perspective it is necessary to go back to the first sf titles that Penguin published in the 1930s, for these early covers, now celebrated on a stamp, have come to be regarded as artworks in their own right.

Until recently the history of Penguin sf and its cover art has been largely overlooked. This website, along with a series of articles on the subject, attempts to rectify this. But what the articles convey with words this website does with images, and thereby offers what words cannot: over 275 Penguin sf covers, and the ability to trace their evolution at the click of a button, as titles were reprinted and different covers came and went. As such this website complements the articles, which focus more on the science fiction and its linkage to each book's cover art. Here, however, it is the covers themselves that light the way along the multiple paths that weave through the history, and art, of Penguin sf.

One final point: the Penguin sf covers presented here are neither exhaustive nor intended to be. Aesthetics are every- thing for a website called The Art of Penguin Science Fiction and in this regard some of the covers have little to offer. Thus they are excluded, and from around 1970 onwards the coverage (no pun intended) becomes somewhat selective. For as the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein once wrote, "Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent".

The Penguin publication dates used on this website up to 1970 are taken from The Penguin Catalogue: A Complete Cata- logue of the Publications of Penguin Books, otherwise known as Q100. An asterisk after the date indicates that it is later than the publication date given on the copyright page of the book itself, which was presumably published later than planned. Dates after 1970 are derived from various sources, such as the Penguin Archive held at the University of Bristol.